On 10th January 2012, the final-term examination was held in the class of the international organization. The examination was made up of the true-false questions and the essay questions. In this test, we recognized again our understanding and knowledge from the lecture by Professor Hasegawa and the guest-speakers. Moreover, we wrote down our opinions how the United Nations should reform in order to work more effectively. (Saki Sakamoto)

　On December 20, Professor Hasegawa recapitulated some of the salient points that emerged during various lectures delivered this year. First of all, he asked a basic question: “What are the reasons that nation states create international organizations that would restrict their independence and sovereignty?” He then reviewed the historical context in which international organizations have been created and also the changing relationships between international organizations and sovereign states. He also mentioned the changes that took place in the roles, policies and structures of international organizations since the World War I and II. Next, he explained how the United Nations and other international organizationshave been brought into the concept of “Delivering As One” to increase its effectiveness through adoptionof such programming tools as CCA, UNDAF, PRSP and ISF. In his concluding remarks,Professor Hasegawa identified some of the issues that will be the key tasks ofconcern for international organizations. (Yuka Hirakawa)

　On 29th November 2011, Ms. Mika Iwasaki, a senior communications officer of the World Bank Tokyo office, delivered a lecture. Firstly, she introduced the outlines of the World Bank group such as IBRD and IDA, and the background of the establishment of the World Bank. Then She explained that the World Bank financed Japan in 1950’s and 1960’s. Japan utilized these finance for making power plants and improving infrastructures. She also mentioned the development paradigm shifts and the new approaches as the examples of multi-sector approaches to health. Finally, she referred to the global priority such as agricultures and climate changes. (Mai Kato)

　On November 22nd 2011, the mid-term test of the lecture on the international organization was held in the S407 room. Professor Hasegawa set the essay-type questions on especially the Millennium Development Goals. Through this exam, we recognized the present activities and status of member states, non-governmental organizations and international organizations for the Millennium Development Goals. (Keiki Takemasa)

　On 15th November 2011, Mr. Kouji Abe, Director of the Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs Division of the Foreign Policy Bureau of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, lectured on the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC). Firstly, He introduced several treaties to protect human rights as universal values. Then he explained the background of the UNHRC and the difference between the UNHRC and the United Nations Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR) which is an ancestor of the UNHRC. In his explanation on the institution-building of the UNHRC, he mentioned the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) and the special procedure in a particular country or theme. And he talked about the Office of High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) as a department of human rights in United Nations Secretariat. Finally, in terms of the diplomacy of human rights in Japan, he referred to the importance of dialogues and cooperation on the basis of the positive linkage. (Yukihiko Masuda)

　On 1st November 2011, Professor Hasegawa lectured on the status and challenges of the ASEAN with an emphasis on the economic integration. Firstly, he explained the structures and institutions of the ASEAN, and the outcome of various conferences. And he indicated the ASEAN Free Trade Area Agreement concluded in 1993 and the Common Effective Preferential Tariff agreed in 1992 as trends of ASEAN for economic integration. He also mentioned in details the challenges faced by ASEAN. Finally, he explained the differences between Economic Partnership Agreement and Free Trade Agreement in terms of the economic relationships between ASEAN and Japan. (Shogo Yoshida)

　On October 25, in the international organization class, Prof. Hasegawa gave his lecture on the theme of ‘Millennium Development Goals part 2’. He used the Millennium Development Goals Report 2010 to assess a progress towards the MDGs. By analyzing data and graphs in this report, he ascertained whether the goals are achievable and what are the obstacles. Also, he emphasized that you should not trust the data blindly unless you verify it. finally, he explained the contribution of Japan toward achieving the MDGs. (Dona Jung)

　On 18th October 2011, Mr. Hasegawa Shinichi, Director of ILO Office in Japan, gave us a lecture on “ILO and Asia, Decent Work”, and explained activities of ILO toward natural disasters. In particular, Mr. Hasegawa mentioned ILO coping with Aftermath of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, also he explained ILO is technical assistance to some countries such as Sri Lanka. And as he lecture, emphasized “Decent Work for All” based on setting international labor standard, monitoring system of the standard, and international technical cooperation program. After exposition of “Decent Work for All”, Mr. Hasegawa commented his personal opinions about “foreign labors”, “immigrants”, and “Convention Concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Actions toward the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour”. Moreover, Mr. Hasegawa expounded changes of global labor market with china economic growth. Finally, he mentioned the importance of 4 strategic objectives of Decent Work by ILO and also about Decent Work of Japan in the future. (Minshik KIM)

　On 11 October 2011, in his class on international organizations, Professor Hasegawa delivered a lecture on the theme of “Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)”. In explaining how he helped the Government of Timor-Leste in achieving MDGs, he introduced a video showing then Prime Minister Mari Alkatiri addressing the Special General Assembly of the United Nations in 2005. Professor Hasegawa noted that in spite of setbacks encountered during the financial and economic downturn in the world as a whole, moved towards reducing poverty by half. By referring to the latest MDG 2011 Report, he mentioned the Secretary-General declared that the global poverty rate will have been reduced to 15 percent by year 2015 which represented a substantial reduction and far below the target level of 23 percent. Professor Hasegawa also noted that the main obstacle to achieving MDG targets was inequity among income groups as well as those in urban and rural areas.

　On the 4th October 2011, Mr. Hirabayashi Kunihiko, Director of UNICEF at the Tokyo office, gave a lecture on equity and child survival. Firstly, he explained UNICEF’s role and current priorities, then showed several evidences related to the current trend of reduction of child mortality and equity issues. Finally, he defined the difference between equity and equality and lectured how UNICEF practices the equity-focused approach. (Terauchi Akiho)

　On September 27, 2011, in his class on international organizations, Professor Hasegawa delivered a lecture on the theme of “Towards Greater Integration of International Development Assistance Programs”. Firstly, Professor Hasegawa introduced the initiatives taken by the former Secretary-General Kofi Annan in establishing the UN Development Group in 1997. And he lectured about the Common Country Assessment (CCA), UN Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF), Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) and Integrated Strategic Framework (ISF). Professor Hasegawa then explained how to write the project documents and stressed the need for monitoring how project funds are used after their approval. (Eri Iijima)

　On September 20, the second semester started with Prof. Hasegawa’s lecture on international organizations.
First, he explained the relationship among different UN funds, programs and agencies in terms of their roles and activities. He then provided background information on how the United Nations systems try to improve the efficiency and effectiveness through improving a coordination and integration. Finally, he mentioned ‘delivering as one’ as a major effort to bring together all UN agencies in the field. (Aimi Ezawa)

　On 12th July 12 2011, Prof. Hasegawa lectured on “Integrated theory between nations” and “European Union”. He explained that “integrated theory between nations” is made by four principles. These are “Federalism”, “Functionalism”, “Neo-Functionalism”, and “Liberal Intergovernmentalism”. He lectured on these principles in a lot of examples to teach it plainly. Then, he explained European Union. This topic was composed of “international or supranational organization?” and “the European Union has gone through many incarnations since its origins fifty-plus years ago”. He explained the history of European Union and European treaties’ history. (Soichiro Hirabayashi)

　On 5th July 2011, Mr. Yasushi Akashi, a former United Nations Under-Secretary- General, gave a lecture on “the role of the United Nations in global governance” in the Sky hall. At first, he compared the Suez crisis with the Hungarian uprising of 1956, and stated the need to recognize that there were both the brighter side and the darker side in the record of the United Nations. Second, he referred to the great earthquake disaster in east Japan, and pointed out that Japan received heart-warming support from many countries because Japan had positively contributed to the global community. We should particularly remember that the support included not only government-level assistance, but also citizen level support from many people expressed through the Internet. He explained the United Nations in detail. He told us the importance of post-conflict peace-building, reduction of poverty and eradication of preschoolers, contained in the “United Nations Millennium Declaration” which was decided by the special general assembly in 2000. He also referred to the Outcome Document of 2005. Finally, he mentioned the overall view of the global community, in which problems and challenges are abundant in many areas. He ended his lecture with an emphasis that it was important not to lose sight of main currents in the world which show progress towards global governance. (Mai Kato)

　On 28th June, Ms. Madoka Futamura gave us a lecture. She works at the United Nations University as an academic program officer. She is specialized in the International Relations, Peace-building and Transitional Justice. She talked about international criminal tribunals and courts, which copes with the core crimes such as war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and the crimes of aggression. The definition of the accused is a person who has the most responsibility for the core crimes. She also introduced the difference between the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the International Court of Justice (ICJ). The ICJ is one of the organizations of the United Nations. It has a responsibility to solve conflicts not between individuals but between countries. (Saki Sakamoto)

　On 21 June 2011 Professor Hasegawa delivered a lecture on the outcome document. The General Assembly adopted 2005 World Summit Outcome on 16th September 2005. Earlier in 2005, Secretary General Kofi Annan presented a progress report “In Larger Freedom” to the UN General Assembly on 21 March 2005. This report is divided into four main sections: “Freedom from Want”, “Freedom from Fear”, “Freedom to Live in Dignity” and “Strengthening the United Nations”. Anan proposed including this report in The General Assembly adopted 2005 World Summit Outcome in the United Nations General Assembly. As a conclusion of today’s lecture, Professor Hasegawa explained the meaning of main items mentioned in the Outcome Document. They included value and principle, development, peace and collective security, human rights and rule of law and strengthening the United Nations. (Keiki Takemasa)

　On the 14th of June 2011, Professor Hasegawa lectured on the international civil servant system, presenting the rights and responsibilities of an international civil servant, and the UN common system. Prof. Hasegawa specifically focused on the responsibilities of the United Nations Secretary-General, which are founded upon the UN Charter as well as each of the former eight UN Secretary-Generals as Chief Administrative Officer. Prof. Hasegawa also touched on internationality, independence, formation, classification, standing, employment methods and administrative duties of an international civil servant. Among them, Prof. Hasegawa expounded on the meaning of Noblemaire Principle and explained the significance of Article100 [Internationality of the Officer] and Article 101 [Responsibility of the Officer]. Moreover, Prof. Hasegawa explained the functional classification of international organization, servants working in the UN system (both professional and general servants), and the working condition of a UN servant – his or her base floor salary, post adjustment, education grant, and so on. The enrollment method of international organization concluded Prof. Hasegawa’s lecture, in which he emphasized the need to understand and increase competency, particularly the importance of communication skills. (Minshik KIM)

　On 7 June 2011, Ms. Kanou Akari who works at the United Nations University lectured on “Financing international Organizations”. First, she explained the importance of paying attention to finance and fund of the United Nations. Second, she explained the procedure, the part of committee, the source of revenue of assessed contribution and voluntary contribution on the outline of making up a budget. Third, she explained the cause of financial difficulties of the United Nations, the problem of unpaid money, and the international taxation. Finally, she explained the validity of share rate in regular budget of the United Nations and peace-keeping operations. And she explained suggestion to more fair calculating formula. (Yuna Kitamura)

　On 31 May 2011, Professor Hasegawa lectured first on the relationship between national and international laws.　He explained the precedence given to national laws and the validity accorded to international laws by certain countries. Prof. Hasegawa provided his views on the need for integration, unification and consistency that should prevail in the relationship between national and international laws. Secondly, Prof. Hasegawa lectured on the growth and expansion of the United Nations and provided a detailed explanation about the representation issue for China. Finally, Prof. Hasegawa brought up the subject of“ UN reform”, and talked about the issues involved in the Security Council reform and the proposal made by former Secretary-General Kofi Annan in 2005. (Yukihiko Masuda)

　Today on 24 May 2011, Prof. Hasegawa lectured on the birth and collapse of the League of Nations. The League of Nations was founded on the basis of the President Wilson’s Fourteen Points, but the United States didn’t join the League of Nations from the first because of United States’ isolations. Moreover, Japan, one of permanent members, withdrew after the Manchurian Incident. From these, the League of Nations lost its raison d’etre and authority and collapsed. Prof. Hasegawa explained the above-mentioned situations with the introduction to the Report of the Commission of Enquiry into the Sino-Japanese. (Shogo Yoshida)