Hasegawa Peacebuilding Academy

2010年6月23日のGlobal Governance では、東京大学名誉教授、国際連合大学名誉副学長である安井至さんをお迎えし、「持続可能な未来のために」というテーマの下講義していただきました。最初に安井氏は、経済活動が環境問題の主たる原因であり、特に化石燃料の利用が最大の問題であると主張しました。グローバル化が進む中で、持続可能な開発を目指し、ミレニアム開発目標を達成することが、地球温暖化を含む環境問題を解決するために重要であると述べられました。またこれらを解決していくために、省エネを目指す新しい技術的概念やライフスタイルを、日本のコタツなどを例に挙げて提案されました。（木村）

On June 16th, Mr. Obijiofor Aginam from the Institute for Sustainability and Peace, United Nations University Headquarters, gave a lecture on “Africa in a Globalized World” at Hosei University. He explained about the historical and political backgrounds of African countries shaped in colonial and the Cold War periods in detail. Also, he pointed out the global inequalities in terms of economic and intellectual development that are centered in Africa. He made a detailed reference to the establishment and works of WTO for AIDS and HIV and pointed out a need for improved medical access in order to decrease the number of infected persons. He suggested that for Africa, various reforms of not only the internal issues but also international systems are essential so as to overcome the inequalities. (Ryosuke Ohyama)

本日は、長谷川教授が国際化した経済のグローバルガバナンスについて講義されました。世界大戦前後の世界の経済理論、経済分野における哲学者の主な思想などについての説明が詳しく行われました。日本に置き換えて考えることや、他国の政策なども知ることが出来ました。また、ワシントン合意(Washington Consensus)の評価を、様々な角度から見ることができました。 (橋本佳奈)

Today, professor Hasegawa gave a lecture on Global Governance of a globalizing economy. He explain world economic theory before and after WWⅡ, ideas of philosophers on world economic and so on. We could think about Japanese case and know policy of foreign government. Moreover, we knew revisiting on Washington Consensus from many other angles.(Kana Hashimoto)

Mr. Kazushige Taniguchi, the Special Representative of the World Bank in Japan delivered a lecture on 2 June at Hosei University. He explained the implications of the falling birthrate and increasing national debt on the future financial, economic and social conditions in Japan. After the bubble economy burst in the beginning of 1990`s, Japan`s economy in terms of GDP remained stagnant for twenty years, while it had grown rapidly in previous decades. This necessitated the Government of Japan to borrow extensively to finance its national budget deficit. Mr. Taniguchi said the level of Japan`s debt is higher than that of Greece, but so far it is financed by domestic saving. This may not be possible in the near future as the national debt continues to increase. To change this current prospect, it is not sufficient to cut down waste. He suggested that investing in developing countries in proper ways is one solution for not only Japan but also for the world.(Kotaro Takahashi)

本日は世界銀行駐日代表の谷口様をお招きし、日本の将来と途上国への投資の問題を中心にお話をいただきました。日本ではバブル崩壊以降株価や土地の値段が下がり出生率も低い状況が続いている。他方、経済対策としてバブル崩壊後20年間に年平均20兆円以上、国債を財源として予算を増やしながら減税をした結果、国の借金が累計で約500兆円増えたが、GDPはほとんど伸びなかった。　これらの借金の返済は大変なことだが、仮に予算のムダを20兆円切ったとしても、新しい借金が増えないだけで、過去の借金は一銭も返せない。　他方、日本の人口は今世紀末には現在よりも約8,000万減って、1/3になる可能性がある。　世界経済に目を向けると、途上国は過去20年間に10倍、5倍といった成長をしており、今後もアフリカを含めて高い成長の可能性がある。日本も、内向きなままではジリ貧である。世界に目を向け、途上国援助はチャリティではなく投資という発想で、途上国と共に発展するという戦略が必要。 日本が今後の世界と共に持続的発展をするためには、例えば環境分野に対して投資していくべきだと述べられました。(高橋孝太郎)

Mr. Shigeki Takizaki, Director of the National Security Division and the Office for International Peace Cooperation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs delivered a lecture on 26 May at Hosei University. He explained the exclusive defensive nature of Japanese defense forces and the role played by the Japan-US security structure. Japan`s commitment to the international community is carried out through bilateral diplomacy with the neighboring countries, multilateral security dialogues, arms control, disarmament, non-proliferation of nuclear weapons and contribution to international peacebuilding efforts. According to Mr. Takizaki, peacebuilding consisted of consolidation of peace and nation building. Japan`s initiatives in peacebuilding included participation in UN peacekeeping operations and multilateral forces, expansion of ODA activities, intellectual contribution on human security, respect for local ownership, leadership at UN Security Council and Peacebuilding Commission, training of peacebuilders from Asia and Japan, and support to PKO centres in Africa and Malaysia. Mr. Takizaki referred to a special session held by the Security Council under the chairmanship of Foreign Minister Okada on 16 April to debate on how to strengthen the peacebuilding activities, by quoting what Foreign Minsiter Okada said, “Creating a long-lasting peace requires sustained cooperation between a post-conflict country and the international community…Japan will continue to participate actively in the efforts towards achieving sustainable peace in post-conflict countries.(Rena Kondo)

Today Professor Hasegawa presented “Alternative Approaches to International Theory” that included Constructivism, Hitorical Sociology and Post-Modernism. He explained the meaning of rationalism, positivism and epistemology in understanding the “image” of international relations and global developments. Professor Hasegawa referred to the discussion held by President Obama and Prime Minister Hatoyama about Hutenma issue and explained how various points of view advocated by realism, liberalism, social constructivism, historical sociology and post-modernism.（Miyu Kameyama）