On 5th July 2011, Mr. Yasushi Akashi, a former United Nations Under-Secretary- General, gave a lecture on “the role of the United Nations in global governance” in the Sky hall. At first, he compared the Suez crisis with the Hungarian uprising of 1956, and stated the need to recognize that there were both the brighter side and the darker side in the record of the United Nations. Second, he referred to the great earthquake disaster in east Japan, and pointed out that Japan received heart-warming support from many countries because Japan had positively contributed to the global community. We should particularly remember that the support included not only government-level assistance, but also citizen level support from many people expressed through the Internet. He explained the United Nations in detail. He told us the importance of post-conflict peace-building, reduction of poverty and eradication of preschoolers, contained in the “United Nations Millennium Declaration” which was decided by the special general assembly in 2000. He also referred to the Outcome Document of 2005. Finally, he mentioned the overall view of the global community, in which problems and challenges are abundant in many areas. He ended his lecture with an emphasis that it was important not to lose sight of main currents in the world which show progress towards global governance. (Mai Kato)

　On 28th June, Ms. Madoka Futamura gave us a lecture. She works at the United Nations University as an academic program officer. She is specialized in the International Relations, Peace-building and Transitional Justice. She talked about international criminal tribunals and courts, which copes with the core crimes such as war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and the crimes of aggression. The definition of the accused is a person who has the most responsibility for the core crimes. She also introduced the difference between the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the International Court of Justice (ICJ). The ICJ is one of the organizations of the United Nations. It has a responsibility to solve conflicts not between individuals but between countries. (Saki Sakamoto)

　On 21 June 2011 Professor Hasegawa delivered a lecture on the outcome document. The General Assembly adopted 2005 World Summit Outcome on 16th September 2005. Earlier in 2005, Secretary General Kofi Annan presented a progress report “In Larger Freedom” to the UN General Assembly on 21 March 2005. This report is divided into four main sections: “Freedom from Want”, “Freedom from Fear”, “Freedom to Live in Dignity” and “Strengthening the United Nations”. Anan proposed including this report in The General Assembly adopted 2005 World Summit Outcome in the United Nations General Assembly. As a conclusion of today’s lecture, Professor Hasegawa explained the meaning of main items mentioned in the Outcome Document. They included value and principle, development, peace and collective security, human rights and rule of law and strengthening the United Nations. (Keiki Takemasa)

　On the 14th of June 2011, Professor Hasegawa lectured on the international civil servant system, presenting the rights and responsibilities of an international civil servant, and the UN common system. Prof. Hasegawa specifically focused on the responsibilities of the United Nations Secretary-General, which are founded upon the UN Charter as well as each of the former eight UN Secretary-Generals as Chief Administrative Officer. Prof. Hasegawa also touched on internationality, independence, formation, classification, standing, employment methods and administrative duties of an international civil servant. Among them, Prof. Hasegawa expounded on the meaning of Noblemaire Principle and explained the significance of Article100 [Internationality of the Officer] and Article 101 [Responsibility of the Officer]. Moreover, Prof. Hasegawa explained the functional classification of international organization, servants working in the UN system (both professional and general servants), and the working condition of a UN servant – his or her base floor salary, post adjustment, education grant, and so on. The enrollment method of international organization concluded Prof. Hasegawa’s lecture, in which he emphasized the need to understand and increase competency, particularly the importance of communication skills. (Minshik KIM)

　On 7 June 2011, Ms. Kanou Akari who works at the United Nations University lectured on “Financing international Organizations”. First, she explained the importance of paying attention to finance and fund of the United Nations. Second, she explained the procedure, the part of committee, the source of revenue of assessed contribution and voluntary contribution on the outline of making up a budget. Third, she explained the cause of financial difficulties of the United Nations, the problem of unpaid money, and the international taxation. Finally, she explained the validity of share rate in regular budget of the United Nations and peace-keeping operations. And she explained suggestion to more fair calculating formula. (Yuna Kitamura)